The Boundlessness of God - Revision history

Hamedhakimipoor: /* Sources */

2025-02-27T08:54:52Z

Sources

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	[[ms: Ketidakterbatasan Tuhan]]		[[ms: Ketidakterbatasan Tuhan]]
	[[ar: لا محدودیة لله تعالى]]		[[ar: لا محدودیة لله تعالى]]
			[[es:La infinitud de Dios]]
	{{tree		{{tree
	\| main branch = کلام		\| main branch = کلام

Hamedhakimipoor: /* Sources */

2025-02-24T18:11:56Z

Sources

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	{{footnotes\|۲}}		{{footnotes\|۲}}
	[[fa: نامحدود بودن خداوند]]		[[fa: نامحدود بودن خداوند]]
			[[ps:د خدای لامحدودیت]]
	[[bn: আল্লাহর অসীম সত্তা]]		[[bn: আল্লাহর অসীম সত্তা]]
	[[ur: خدا کا لامحدود ہونا]]		[[ur: خدا کا لامحدود ہونا]]

Hamedhakimipoor: /* Sources */

2025-01-21T06:24:33Z

Sources

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	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
	{{footnotes\|۲}}		{{footnotes\|۲}}
	[[fa:نامحدود بودن خداوند]]		[[fa: نامحدود بودن خداوند]]
			[[bn: আল্লাহর অসীম সত্তা]]
			[[ur: خدا کا لامحدود ہونا]]
			[[ms: Ketidakterbatasan Tuhan]]
			[[ar: لا محدودیة لله تعالى]]
	{{tree		{{tree
	\| main branch = کلام		\| main branch = کلام

Hamedhakimipoor: /* Sources */

2025-01-13T11:50:26Z

Sources

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	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

	{{footnotes\|۲}}		{{footnotes\|۲}}
			[[fa:نامحدود بودن خداوند]]
	{{tree		{{tree
	\| main branch = کلام		\| main branch = کلام

Hamedhakimipoor: /* منابع */

2024-12-30T05:12:10Z

منابع

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	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

	~~== منابع ==~~
	{{footnotes\|۲}}		{{footnotes\|۲}}
	{{tree		{{tree

Hamedhakimipoor: /* Sources */

2024-12-30T05:11:58Z

Sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:41, 30 December 2024
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	All created beings possess essence, meaning they are specific and have defined existential limits—such as humans, trees, or animals—hence, they are inherently limited. However, God, being free from any essence or specific determination, is also free from limitation. Since essence is the root of limitation, and God is transcendent beyond any essence, He is not subject to any form of limitation. Therefore, God's boundlessness follows directly from His freedom from essence, which would otherwise impose limitations upon Him.		All created beings possess essence, meaning they are specific and have defined existential limits—such as humans, trees, or animals—hence, they are inherently limited. However, God, being free from any essence or specific determination, is also free from limitation. Since essence is the root of limitation, and God is transcendent beyond any essence, He is not subject to any form of limitation. Therefore, God's boundlessness follows directly from His freedom from essence, which would otherwise impose limitations upon Him.


			{{answer end}}
	== Sources ==		== Sources ==
	~~</ref></ref>~~
	~~{{answer end}}~~
	~~{{مطالعه بیشتر}}~~

	== منابع ==		== منابع ==

Hamedhakimipoor: /* مطالعه بیشتر */

2024-12-30T05:11:31Z

مطالعه بیشتر

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:41, 30 December 2024
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	{{answer end}}		{{answer end}}
	{{مطالعه بیشتر}}		{{مطالعه بیشتر}}

	~~== مطالعه بیشتر ==~~
	~~۱. مرتضی مطهری، مجموعه آثار ۴، بخش توحید، نشر صدرا، ۱۳۷۷ ش.~~

	~~۲. مصباح، محمد تقی، آموزش فلسفه، ج۲، ص۳۵۶، نشر سازمان تبلیغات اسلامی، ۱۳۷۴ ش.~~

	~~۳. محمد امین صادقی اُرزگانی، آموزه‌های عرفانی از منظر علی(ع)، فصل ۲، نشر پژوهشگاه و فرهنگ اسلامی، قم، ۱۳۸۴ ش.~~
	~~{{پایان مطالعه بیشتر}}~~

	== منابع ==		== منابع ==

Hamedhakimipoor: /* Imam Ali’s Words on God’s Boundlessness */

2024-12-30T05:11:04Z

Imam Ali’s Words on God’s Boundlessness

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	== Imam Ali’s Words on God’s Boundlessness ==		== Imam Ali’s Words on God’s Boundlessness ==
	In [[Nahj al-Balaghah]], Imam Ali (PBUH) says:		In [[Nahj al-Balaghah]], Imam Ali (PBUH) says:
	::"Whoever points to Him has limited Him, and whoever limits Him has enumerated Him". ~~(((~~Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 1~~)))~~.		::"Whoever points to Him has limited Him, and whoever limits Him has enumerated Him". <ref>Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 1</ref>.

	This statement categorically denies any limitation of the Divine. Imam Ali (PBUH) clarifies that since God is beyond enumeration and limitation, He cannot be contained by any bounds. If God were limited, He would be countable, whereas God is unique, singular, and without equal. Limitation typically arises from resemblance or opposition. Since God transcends all likenesses and opposites, He is also free from limitation.~~(((~~Jâ’fari, Mohammad Taqi. Sharh-e Nahj al-Balâgha. Vol. 2, pp. 35–61. Tehran: Daftar-e Nashr-e Farhang-e Eslâmi, 1357 SH.~~)))~~		This statement categorically denies any limitation of the Divine. Imam Ali (PBUH) clarifies that since God is beyond enumeration and limitation, He cannot be contained by any bounds. If God were limited, He would be countable, whereas God is unique, singular, and without equal. Limitation typically arises from resemblance or opposition. Since God transcends all likenesses and opposites, He is also free from limitation.<ref>Jâ’fari, Mohammad Taqi. Sharh-e Nahj al-Balâgha. Vol. 2, pp. 35–61. Tehran: Daftar-e Nashr-e Farhang-e Eslâmi, 1357 SH.</ref>

	In another sermon, [[Imam Ali (PBUH)]] states:		In another sermon, [[Imam Ali (PBUH)]] states:
	::"He is not encompassed by limits nor computed by numbers; only tools and instruments measure themselves".~~(((~~Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 186~~)))~~		::"He is not encompassed by limits nor computed by numbers; only tools and instruments measure themselves".<ref>Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 186</ref>

	This statement by Imam Ali (PBUH) seeks to deny any form of limitation to [[God]]. A detailed analysis of this phrase reveals that "limit" refers to restriction. For example, the boundaries of a house define the space that should not be exceeded, or the borders of a country are delineated by specific geographic points. Imam Ali (PBUH) asserts that God, unlike created entities, has no limits. He is not characterized by a finite attribute that embodies certain qualities while excluding others, nor is He comparable to other beings such as humans, trees, or [[angels]].		This statement by Imam Ali (PBUH) seeks to deny any form of limitation to [[God]]. A detailed analysis of this phrase reveals that "limit" refers to restriction. For example, the boundaries of a house define the space that should not be exceeded, or the borders of a country are delineated by specific geographic points. Imam Ali (PBUH) asserts that God, unlike created entities, has no limits. He is not characterized by a finite attribute that embodies certain qualities while excluding others, nor is He comparable to other beings such as humans, trees, or [[angels]].

	If we were to assume that God is limited, it would imply that He exists alongside other entities as a particular being with only specific perfections. For instance, the sun provides light and warmth, water has its own properties, and soil possesses yet another set of attributes. However, God is not confined to any of these qualities or their equivalents. Instead, all attributes and perfections found in created beings originate from Him as the ultimate source of existence.		If we were to assume that God is limited, it would imply that He exists alongside other entities as a particular being with only specific perfections. For instance, the sun provides light and warmth, water has its own properties, and soil possesses yet another set of attributes. However, God is not confined to any of these qualities or their equivalents. Instead, all attributes and perfections found in created beings originate from Him as the ultimate source of existence.
	Thus, attributing limitation to God would contradict His role as the Creator and sustainer of all existents. A limited entity cannot be the origin of all contradictory attributes found in creation. In contrast, God, as the ultimate source of existence, encompasses all perfections and is therefore boundless. This concept underscores His transcendence above all finite descriptions and limitations. Further elaboration on this topic can be found in the referenced sources.~~(((~~Sha‘râni, quoted in: Hasan-Zâdeh, Hezâr o Yek Kalemeh. Vol. 4, p. 212. Qom: Daftar-e Tablighât, 1379 SH.~~)))~~		Thus, attributing limitation to God would contradict His role as the Creator and sustainer of all existents. A limited entity cannot be the origin of all contradictory attributes found in creation. In contrast, God, as the ultimate source of existence, encompasses all perfections and is therefore boundless. This concept underscores His transcendence above all finite descriptions and limitations. Further elaboration on this topic can be found in the referenced sources.<ref>Sha‘râni, quoted in: Hasan-Zâdeh, Hezâr o Yek Kalemeh. Vol. 4, p. 212. Qom: Daftar-e Tablighât, 1379 SH.</ref>

	== Philosophical Proofs of God’s Boundlessness ==		== Philosophical Proofs of God’s Boundlessness ==

Hamedhakimipoor: /* Philosophical Proofs of God’s Boundlessness */

2024-12-30T05:10:14Z

Philosophical Proofs of God’s Boundlessness

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:40, 30 December 2024
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	== Philosophical Proofs of God’s Boundlessness ==		== Philosophical Proofs of God’s Boundlessness ==
	1. Absolute Existence		=== Absolute Existence ===
	The third argument, which adopts a philosophical perspective on God’s boundlessness, posits that absolute existence is inherently equivalent to boundlessness. This is because limitation arises from deficiency and non-existence. Absolute existence, being free from non-existence, is devoid of deficiency, multiplicity, or division, and is therefore boundless.		The third argument, which adopts a philosophical perspective on God’s boundlessness, posits that absolute existence is inherently equivalent to boundlessness. This is because limitation arises from deficiency and non-existence. [[Absolute existence]], being free from non-existence, is devoid of deficiency, multiplicity, or division, and is therefore boundless.<ref>Motahhari, Mortezâ. Majmu‘eh-ye Âsâr 6. p. 1017. Tehran: Sadra, 1379 SH.</ref>
	~~Since God represents absolute existence~~, ~~pure being, and the essence of existence itself, it is inconceivable for Him to be limited~~. ~~If God were limited, it would imply imperfection or the absence of pure being, suggesting that He also possesses essence (quiddity)~~. ~~However, wherever multiplicity exists, limitation naturally follows, while in the absence of multiplicity, there is no limitation~~.
	~~The Quran affirms this concept in the verse~~: ~~"Say, He is Allah~~, ~~[who is] One" (Quran 112:1).~~
	~~God’s singularity and uniqueness eliminate the possibility of multiplicity or division. Consequently, God is free from all forms of limitation, further solidifying His boundlessness~~.

	2. God as the First Cause		Since God represents absolute existence, pure being, and the essence of existence itself, it is inconceivable for Him to be limited. If God were limited, it would imply imperfection or the absence of pure being, suggesting that He also possesses essence (quiddity). However, wherever multiplicity exists, limitation naturally follows, while in the absence of multiplicity, there is no limitation. [[The Quran]] affirms this concept in the verse: "Say, He is Allah, [who is] One".<ref>Quran 112:1.</ref> God’s singularity and uniqueness eliminate the possibility of multiplicity or division. Consequently, God is free from all forms of limitation, further solidifying His boundlessness.
	Another reason for God's boundlessness is that limitation is synonymous with subjugation and causation. Any entity that is an effect (ma‘lūl) or subject to external influence is inherently limited.
	Since God is not the effect of any cause, nor is He subjugated by anything, He transcends all limitations. He is the causa prima (the First Cause), the ultimate source of all causes (musabbib al-asbab), and the absolute sovereign (qahir mutlaq). Thus, it follows that He is never confined by any boundary and is absolutely infinite and boundless.		=== God as the First Cause ===
	3. Necessary Existence		Another reason for God's boundlessness is that limitation is synonymous with subjugation and causation. Any entity that is an effect (''ma‘lūl'') or subject to external influence is inherently limited. Since God is not the effect of any cause, nor is He subjugated by anything, He transcends all limitations. He is the causa prima (the First Cause), the ultimate source of all causes (''musabbib al-asbab''), and the absolute sovereign (''qahir mutlaq''). Thus, it follows that He is never confined by any boundary and is absolutely infinite and boundless.<ref>Motahhari, Mortezâ. Majmu‘eh-ye Âsâr 6. p. 1017. Tehran: Sadra, 1379 SH.</ref>
	Another reason for God's boundlessness is that He is wājib al-wujūd (the Necessary Existence), and necessity of existence is synonymous with being infinite and boundless. In other words, the essence of existence is equivalent to being without limits, necessity, purity, and absoluteness.
	Since God is the essence of existence itself, pure being, and the Necessary Existence, He must be boundless and infinite. If God were not infinite, He would not be the Necessary Existence. For if God were limited in any way, He would not fulfill the requirement of being the absolutely necessary being (wājib al-wujūd), as His existence would then be contingent upon something else. Therefore, since God's existence is absolute and necessary in its essence, He is by definition infinite and without bounds.		=== Necessary Existence ===
	~~4. The Absence of Essence in God~~		Another reason for God's boundlessness is that He is ''[[wājib al-wujūd]]'' (the Necessary Existence), and necessity of existence is synonymous with being infinite and boundless. In other words, the essence of existence is equivalent to being without limits, necessity, purity, and absoluteness.
	Another reason for God's boundlessness is that limitation always arises from essence (māhiyyah). Essence is the source of limitation in beings, as it defines and confines their existence. Since God is free from essence, ~~He is also free from any form of determination or boundary~~.
	~~All created beings possess essence, meaning they are specific and have defined existential limits—such as humans, trees, or animals—hence, they are inherently limited~~. ~~However, God, being free from any essence or specific determination, is also free from limitation~~. ~~Since essence is the root of limitation, and God is transcendent beyond any essence, He is not subject to any form of limitation~~. ~~Therefore, God's boundlessness follows directly from His freedom from essence~~, ~~which would otherwise impose limitations upon Him~~.		Since God is the essence of existence itself, pure being, and the Necessary Existence, He must be boundless and infinite. If God were not infinite, He would not be the Necessary Existence. For if God were limited in any way, He would not fulfill the requirement of being the absolutely necessary being (wājib al-wujūd), as His existence would then be contingent upon something else. Therefore, since God's existence is absolute and necessary in its essence, He is by definition infinite and without bounds.<ref>Motahhari, Mortezâ. Majmu‘eh-ye Âsâr 6. p. 1018. Tehran: Sadra, 1379 SH.</ref>

			=== The Absence of Essence in God ===
			Another reason for God's boundlessness is that limitation always arises from essence (māhiyyah). Essence is the source of limitation in beings, as it defines and confines their existence. Since [[God]] is free from essence, He is also free from any form of determination or boundary.<ref>Sadr al-Mota’allehin. Al-Asfâr. Vol. 1, p. 96. Beirut: Dâr al-Ehyâ’, n.d.</ref>

			All created beings possess essence, meaning they are specific and have defined existential limits—such as humans, trees, or animals—hence, they are inherently limited. However, God, being free from any essence or specific determination, is also free from limitation. Since essence is the root of limitation, and God is transcendent beyond any essence, He is not subject to any form of limitation. Therefore, God's boundlessness follows directly from His freedom from essence, which would otherwise impose limitations upon Him.

			== Sources ==
			</ref></ref>
	{{answer end}}		{{answer end}}
	{{مطالعه بیشتر}}		{{مطالعه بیشتر}}

Hamedhakimipoor: ابرابزار

2024-12-29T21:23:19Z

ابرابزار

New page

{{text start}}
{{question}}
How can the boundlessness of God be proven?
{{question end}}
{{answer}}
'''The boundlessness of God''' can be established through various arguments, some derived from the sayings of [[Imam Ali (PBUH)]] and others from philosophical discourse. Imam Ali (PBUH) states that God cannot be pointed to or delimited, asserting that if God were finite, He would be countable. Since God is singular and without partner, such finitude is impossible. Philosophers, on the other hand, have used concepts like "[[Absolute Existence]]," "the First Cause," and "Necessary Existence" to demonstrate God's boundlessness. They argue that limitation is a property of essence, which has no place in the divine reality.

== Imam Ali’s Words on God’s Boundlessness ==
In [[Nahj al-Balaghah]], Imam Ali (PBUH) says:
::"Whoever points to Him has limited Him, and whoever limits Him has enumerated Him". (((Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 1))).

This statement categorically denies any limitation of the Divine. Imam Ali (PBUH) clarifies that since God is beyond enumeration and limitation, He cannot be contained by any bounds. If God were limited, He would be countable, whereas God is unique, singular, and without equal. Limitation typically arises from resemblance or opposition. Since God transcends all likenesses and opposites, He is also free from limitation.(((Jâ’fari, Mohammad Taqi. Sharh-e Nahj al-Balâgha. Vol. 2, pp. 35–61. Tehran: Daftar-e Nashr-e Farhang-e Eslâmi, 1357 SH.)))

In another sermon, [[Imam Ali (PBUH)]] states:
::"He is not encompassed by limits nor computed by numbers; only tools and instruments measure themselves".(((Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 186)))

This statement by Imam Ali (PBUH) seeks to deny any form of limitation to [[God]]. A detailed analysis of this phrase reveals that "limit" refers to restriction. For example, the boundaries of a house define the space that should not be exceeded, or the borders of a country are delineated by specific geographic points. Imam Ali (PBUH) asserts that God, unlike created entities, has no limits. He is not characterized by a finite attribute that embodies certain qualities while excluding others, nor is He comparable to other beings such as humans, trees, or [[angels]].

If we were to assume that God is limited, it would imply that He exists alongside other entities as a particular being with only specific perfections. For instance, the sun provides light and warmth, water has its own properties, and soil possesses yet another set of attributes. However, God is not confined to any of these qualities or their equivalents. Instead, all attributes and perfections found in created beings originate from Him as the ultimate source of existence.
Thus, attributing limitation to God would contradict His role as the Creator and sustainer of all existents. A limited entity cannot be the origin of all contradictory attributes found in creation. In contrast, God, as the ultimate source of existence, encompasses all perfections and is therefore boundless. This concept underscores His transcendence above all finite descriptions and limitations. Further elaboration on this topic can be found in the referenced sources.(((Sha‘râni, quoted in: Hasan-Zâdeh, Hezâr o Yek Kalemeh. Vol. 4, p. 212. Qom: Daftar-e Tablighât, 1379 SH.)))

== Philosophical Proofs of God’s Boundlessness ==
1. Absolute Existence
The third argument, which adopts a philosophical perspective on God’s boundlessness, posits that absolute existence is inherently equivalent to boundlessness. This is because limitation arises from deficiency and non-existence. Absolute existence, being free from non-existence, is devoid of deficiency, multiplicity, or division, and is therefore boundless.
Since God represents absolute existence, pure being, and the essence of existence itself, it is inconceivable for Him to be limited. If God were limited, it would imply imperfection or the absence of pure being, suggesting that He also possesses essence (quiddity). However, wherever multiplicity exists, limitation naturally follows, while in the absence of multiplicity, there is no limitation.
The Quran affirms this concept in the verse: "Say, He is Allah, [who is] One" (Quran 112:1).
God’s singularity and uniqueness eliminate the possibility of multiplicity or division. Consequently, God is free from all forms of limitation, further solidifying His boundlessness.

2. God as the First Cause
Another reason for God's boundlessness is that limitation is synonymous with subjugation and causation. Any entity that is an effect (ma‘lūl) or subject to external influence is inherently limited.
Since God is not the effect of any cause, nor is He subjugated by anything, He transcends all limitations. He is the causa prima (the First Cause), the ultimate source of all causes (musabbib al-asbab), and the absolute sovereign (qahir mutlaq). Thus, it follows that He is never confined by any boundary and is absolutely infinite and boundless.
3. Necessary Existence
Another reason for God's boundlessness is that He is wājib al-wujūd (the Necessary Existence), and necessity of existence is synonymous with being infinite and boundless. In other words, the essence of existence is equivalent to being without limits, necessity, purity, and absoluteness.
Since God is the essence of existence itself, pure being, and the Necessary Existence, He must be boundless and infinite. If God were not infinite, He would not be the Necessary Existence. For if God were limited in any way, He would not fulfill the requirement of being the absolutely necessary being (wājib al-wujūd), as His existence would then be contingent upon something else. Therefore, since God's existence is absolute and necessary in its essence, He is by definition infinite and without bounds.
4. The Absence of Essence in God
Another reason for God's boundlessness is that limitation always arises from essence (māhiyyah). Essence is the source of limitation in beings, as it defines and confines their existence. Since God is free from essence, He is also free from any form of determination or boundary.
All created beings possess essence, meaning they are specific and have defined existential limits—such as humans, trees, or animals—hence, they are inherently limited. However, God, being free from any essence or specific determination, is also free from limitation. Since essence is the root of limitation, and God is transcendent beyond any essence, He is not subject to any form of limitation. Therefore, God's boundlessness follows directly from His freedom from essence, which would otherwise impose limitations upon Him.

{{answer end}}
{{مطالعه بیشتر}}

== مطالعه بیشتر ==
۱. مرتضی مطهری، مجموعه آثار ۴، بخش توحید، نشر صدرا، ۱۳۷۷ ش.

۲. مصباح، محمد تقی، آموزش فلسفه، ج۲، ص۳۵۶، نشر سازمان تبلیغات اسلامی، ۱۳۷۴ ش.

۳. محمد امین صادقی اُرزگانی، آموزه‌های عرفانی از منظر علی(ع)، فصل ۲، نشر پژوهشگاه و فرهنگ اسلامی، قم، ۱۳۸۴ ش.
{{پایان مطالعه بیشتر}}

== منابع ==
{{footnotes|۲}}
{{tree
| main branch = کلام
| subbranch1 = آفریدگار
| subbranch2 = صفات سلبیه
| subbranch3 =
}}
{{تکمیل مقاله
| شناسه = شد
| تیترها = شد
| ویرایش = شد
| لینک‌دهی = شد
| ناوبری =
| نمایه = شد
| تغییر مسیر = شد
| ارجاعات =
| بازبینی نویسنده =
| بازبینی =
| تکمیل =
| اولویت = ب
| کیفیت = ب
}}
{{text end}}

[[رده:اسماء و صفات الهی]]
[[رده:برهان اثبات خدا]]
[[رده:شناخت و اثبات خدا]]
[[رده:صفات ثبوتیه]]