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Hamedhakimipoor: ابرابزار

2025-02-13T12:15:35Z

ابرابزار

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{{text start}}
{{question}}
Can you explain the Saqifa incident?
{{question end}}
{{answer}}
{{portal|واژه‌ها}}
'''The Saqifa Bani Sa'ida incident''' occurred after the [[Prophet's (PBUH)]] passing regarding his succession. A group of [[Muhajirun]] (immigrants) and [[Ansar]] (helpers) gathered in Saqifa Bani Sa'ida in the absence of [[Imam Ali (AS)]] and prominent [[companions]], and after extensive debates, selected Abu Bakr as caliph. They immediately secured [[allegiance]] from others through various methods and established [[Abu Bakr]]'s [[caliphate]].

== Location and Function of Saqifa ==
Saqifa Bani Sa'ida was located in the northwest of the [[Prophet's Mosque]]. This shelter could accommodate fewer than a hundred people. It was a gathering place for the [[Ansar]] (people of Medina including Aws and Khazraj tribes).<ref>Ḥasanī, ‘Alī Akbar, Tārīkh-e Taḥlīlī wa Sīyāsī-ye Islām az Jāhiliyyat tā ‘Aṣr-e Umavī, Nashr-e Farhang, awwal, 1373 sh, ṣ 319.</ref> Linguistically, Saqifa means a roofed portico (covered shelter).<ref>Shahīdī, Sayyid Ja‘far, Tārīkh-e Taḥlīlī-ye Islām, Tehrān, Markaz-e Nashr-e Dānishgāhī, chāp-e dovvom, 63, ṣ 91.</ref>

== The Gathering for Prophet's (PBUH) Succession at Saqifa ==
After the [[Prophet's (PBUH)]] passing, while [[Imam Ali (AS)]] and [[Banu Hashim]] were occupied with the Prophet's (PBUH) funeral preparations, a group of Ansar and some [[Muhajirun]] gathered at Saqifa Bani Sa'ida to determine the successor.
Those present at Saqifa each considered their group more worthy than the other. The Ansar cited their faith and support of the Prophet (PBUH) as evidence of their priority in succession. The Muhajirun, referencing their precedence in accepting [[Islam]] and kinship with the Prophet (PBUH), claimed precedence in succession. After hearing the Muhajirun's arguments, the Ansar proposed having two leaders - one from each group; however, Abu Bakr rejected this proposal, citing a hadith from the Prophet about [[Quraysh's]] right to leadership.<ref>Shahīdī, Sayyid Ja‘far, Tārīkh-e Taḥlīlī-ye Islām, Tehrān, Markaz-e Nashr-e Dānishgāhī, chāp-e dovvom, 63, ṣ 92.</ref>

The Ansar, who had supported Sa'd ibn Ubada's leadership, were defeated, and ultimately agreed with [[Umar]]'s proposal for [[Abu Bakr]]'s [[Caliphate|caliphate]], immediately pledging allegiance to him, with most attendees following suit. Some believe that the long-standing rivalry between Aws and Khazraj tribes also helped advance the Muhajirun's position.<ref>Shahīdī, Sayyid Ja‘far, Tārīkh-e Taḥlīlī-ye Islām, Tehrān, Markaz-e Nashr-e Dānishgāhī, chāp-e dovvom, 63, ṣ 92.</ref>

== Taking Allegiance from the People ==
After leaving Saqifa, they secured allegiance from others through various methods, and the efforts of [[Imam Ali (AS)]], [[Lady Fatima (SA)]], and some [[companions of the Prophet (PBUH)]] against them were unsuccessful, leading to the establishment of Abu Bakr's government.

Some were compelled to pledge allegiance under the pretext that one should not oppose the Muslim community, and the usurpers obtained the majority's allegiance in a short time through fallacious arguments, preaching, enticement, threats, murder, assassination, and [[fabrication of hadith]]. Some pledged allegiance willingly while others did so reluctantly and under compulsion.<ref>Rashād, ‘Alī Akbar, Dāneshnāma-ye Imām ‘Alī (‘a), Tehrān, Farhang wa Andīsha-ye Islāmī, 1380, j 8, ṣṣ 405 wa 455.</ref>

Imam Ali (AS), the [[Banu Hashim]] family, and some prominent figures from the Muhajirun and Ansar, including [[Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib]] (the Prophet's uncle), [[Salman al-Farsi|Salman]], [[Miqdad]], [[Ammar]], [[Abu Dharr]], and others were absent from this selection.

Lady Fatima (SA), angered by the deviation of the caliphate, told the women of [[Quraysh]]:
::"I am weary of your world and happy to part from you, as you did not preserve my right, and the covenant and testament of the Prophet (PBUH) were not observed, and his will was not accepted..."

Some believe that with the [[Usurpation of the caliphate|usurpation of the caliphate]] by Abu Bakr and Umar, people became more distant from the Prophet's (PBUH) household, and its adverse effects became apparent; however, the positions and teachings of Ali (AS) and the pure Imams (AS) prevented Islam from complete deviation.<ref>Ḥasanī, ‘Alī Akbar, Tārīkh-e Taḥlīlī-ye Sīyāsī-ye Islām, Nashr-e Farhang, awwal, 1373 sh, ṣ 321.</ref>

== Refrences ==
{{footnotes}}
{{tree
| main branch = تاریخ
| subbranch1 = حکومت‌های پس از پیامبر(ص)
| subbranch2 = خلفا
| subbranch3 =
}}
{{تکمیل مقاله
| شناسه =شد
| تیترها =شد
| ویرایش =شد
| لینک‌دهی =شد
| ناوبری =
| نمایه =
| تغییر مسیر =شد
| ارجاعات =
| ارزیابی کمی =
| تکمیل =
| اولویت =ج
| کیفیت =ب
}}
{{text end}}
[[fa:جریان سقیفه]]
[[ms:Peristiwa Saqifah]]
[[ur:واقعه سقیفه]]
[[bn:সাকীফার ঘটনা]]

The Saqifa Incident - Revision history

Hamedhakimipoor: /* Refrences */

Hamedhakimipoor: ابرابزار