View source for Seeking Forgiveness for Others

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Did the Prophet (PBUH) seek forgiveness for others in the Quran?
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In certain verses of [[Surah An-Nur]], [[Allah]] commands the [[Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)]] to seek forgiveness on behalf of others. In other verses, he is instructed to pray for the [[forgiveness]] of believing men and women, including those who have committed sins. However, the Quran also explains that the Prophet's (PBUH) request for forgiveness will not benefit [[hypocrites]] unless they repent, in which case, if the Prophet (PBUH) prays for them, Allah will grant them forgiveness.

Commentators interpret the Prophet’s (PBUH) [[intercession]] for others as a sign of his compassion and kindness toward them. [[Shaykh Tusi]] views the Prophet’s (PBUH) seeking forgiveness as an act of grace that brings about Allah's mercy. These verses support the concept of intercession.

According to Quranic verses, other prophets, including [[Abraham (AS)]], [[Jacob (AS)]], and [[Moses (AS)]], also sought forgiveness for others, including believers and certain family members. The [[Quran]] also mentions angels seeking forgiveness for humans and believers seeking forgiveness for each other.

== The Prophet's (PBUH) Seeking Forgiveness for Others ==
Allah commands Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in the Quran to seek forgiveness for others: {{quran|اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ|ترجمه=Ask forgiveness for them from Allah|سوره=An-Nur|آیه=62}}. Additionally, the Prophet is advised to seek forgiveness for believing men and women<ref>Sūrat Muḥammad, Verse 19.</ref>, sinners<ref>Sūrat Āl ʿImrān, Verse 159.</ref>, and believing women who came forward to pledge allegiance to him.<ref>Sūrat al-Mumtaḥanah, Verse 12.</ref> In other verses, the [[Quran]] states that seeking forgiveness for [[Hypocrites|hypocrites]]<ref>Sūrat al-Tawbah, Verses 80 and 113, Sūrat al-Munāfiqūn, Verses 5–6.</ref> is ineffective because they do not believe in forgiveness<ref>Sūrat al-Fatḥ, Verse 11.</ref>; however, if they repent and the [[Prophet (PBUH)]] prays for their forgiveness, Allah will grant it.<ref>Sūrat al-Nisāʾ, Verse 60.</ref>

Commentators see the Prophet's (PBUH) intercession as a reflection of his compassion and mercy.<ref>Ṭabarsī, Faḍl ibn Ḥasan, Tafsīr Jawāmiʿ al-Jāmiʿ, trans. Aḥmad Amīrī Shādmahri, Mashhad, Bunyād Pizhūhish-hā-yi Islāmī Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1375 SH, vol. 1, p. 560.</ref> [[Shaykh Tusi]] (385–460 AH) interprets the Prophet's (PBUH) prayers for forgiveness as an act of grace that brings Allah's forgiveness to the people.<ref>Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan, al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1st ed., vol. 7, p. 466.</ref> These verses affirm the concept of [[Intercession|intercession]].<ref>Fāḍil Mūḥiddī Lankarānī, Muḥammad, Akhlāq Fāḍil, Qom, Markaz Fiqhī Aʾimmah al-Aṭhār (ʿa), 1389 SH, vol. 1, p. 259.</ref>

== The Prophets' (AS) Seeking Forgiveness for Others ==
{{جعبه نقل قول|Mirza Jawad Maliki Tabrizi narrates that: One night during my prayer, I felt abundant blessings descend upon me. The next day, I found that a student in a nearby school had remembered me by name in his prayer, invoking Allah’s mercy upon me.<ref>Soroush, "Sharḥ-e Ghazaliyyāt-e Shams," Session 16, pp. 1–2.</ref>}}

The Quran recounts the [[prayers]] for forgiveness offered by several prophets on behalf of others, including those close to them:
* [[Prophet Abraham (AS)]]: sought forgiveness for his father (or uncle).<ref>Sūrat al-Mumtaḥanah, Verse 4.</ref>
* [[Prophet Moses (AS)]]: prayed for his brother’s<ref>Sūrat al-Aʿrāf, Verse 151.</ref> forgiveness and for certain people among the [[Israelites]].<ref>Sūrat al-Aʿrāf, Verse 155.</ref>
* [[Prophet Noah (AS)]]: asked forgiveness for his son, but Allah did not accept this prayer.<ref>Sūrat Hūd, Verse 45–47.</ref> He also prayed for his parents and for some believing men and women.<ref>Sūrat Nūḥ, Verse 28.</ref>
* [[Prophet Jacob (AS)]]: sought forgiveness for his children.<ref>	Sūrat Yūsuf, Verse 97–98.</ref>

== The Angels’ Seeking Forgiveness for Believers ==
The Quran mentions the angels' prayers for the forgiveness of believing servants in two surahs: 
* The Angels’ Prayers for Believers: {{quran|Those [angels] who bear the Throne… exalt Allah with praise of their Lord and believe in Him and ask forgiveness for those who have believed.}}<ref>Sūrat Ghāfir, Verse 7.</ref>
* The Angels’ Prayers for the Inhabitants of the Earth: {{quran|And the angels… ask forgiveness for those on Earth.}}<ref>Sūrat al-Shūrā, Verse 5.</ref>

== Believers Seeking Forgiveness for Each Other ==
Some Muslims pray for forgiveness for themselves and for one another.<ref>Sūrat al-Ḥashr, Verse 10.</ref> Commentators believe that this verse applies to all Muslims.<ref>Makāram Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tafsīr Nemūneh, Tehran, Intishārāt, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyyah, 1374 SH, vol. 23, p. 522.</ref> [[Imam Ali (AS)]] also prayed for others’ forgiveness.<ref>Nahj al-Balāghah, khuṭbah 197.</ref>

== References ==
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 | main branch = علوم و معارف قرآن
| subbranch1 = معارف قرآنی
| subbranch2 = اشخاص و اقوام
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