View source for Important Events of the Battle of Siffin

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What decisive events occurred during the Battle of Siffin?  
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The '''important events of the Battle of Siffin''' include the blockade of the Euphrates by the Syrians, the martyrdom of [[Ammar ibn Yasir|'Ammar b. Yasir]], the Night of Howling ([[Laylat al-Harir]]), and the raising of the Qur'ans on spears by the Syrians. The Battle of Siffin was a conflict between the army of [[Imam Ali (a)]], the Caliph of the Muslims, and the army of Syria led by Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan, who refused to accept Imam Ali's (a) caliphate.  

According to sources, at the beginning of the battle, the Syrian army arrived at the Euphrates first and, upon the arrival of the Iraqi army, prevented them from accessing the water under Muawiya's orders. After the Iraqis gained control of the Euphrates, Imam Ali (a) prevented his army from cutting off water to the Syrians. During the Battle of Siffin, Ammar b. Yasir, a companion of the Prophet (s), was martyred while fighting alongside Imam Ali (a). The Prophet (s) had previously foretold that Ammar's killers would be a sinful and rebellious group.  

The Night of Howling (Laylat al-Harir) and the following day are considered the most critical moments of the Battle of Siffin. It is said that during this night, the real battle between Imam Ali's (a) forces and Muawiya's supporters reached its peak, and the Syrian army was on the verge of defeat. According to sources, after the Syrian army suffered a heavy defeat during the Night of Howling and the following day, they raised Qur'ans on spears on the advice of Amr b. al-'As to escape defeat. Their goal was to halt the battle and refer the outcome to arbitration (judgment by the Qur'an). This event caused division within Imam Ali's (a) army, leading to the acceptance of arbitration and the end of the Battle of Siffin.