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#Military Affairs | #Military Affairs | ||
==The Chain of Transmission (Sanad) of the Sahifa Sajjadiyya== | |||
The most well-known chain of transmission (sanad) of the Sahifa Sajjadiyya, which is mentioned at the beginning of the text, is as follows (though other chains of transmission also exist, some of which share common narrators in parts of the chain): | |||
Narrated by the noble master, the distinguished star of the faith, the pride of honor, Abu l-Hasan: Muhammad b. al-Hasan b. Ahmad b. Ali b. Muhammad b. Umar b. Yahya al-Alawi al-Husayni (may Allah have mercy on him). He said: We were informed by the virtuous Sheikh, Abu Abdullah: Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Shahriyar, the custodian of the treasury of our master, the Commander of the Faithful, Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him), in the month of Rabi' al-Awwal in the year 516 AH (1122 CE), by reading it to him while I was listening. He said: I heard it from the truthful Sheikh, Abu Mansur: Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abdul'aziz al-'Ukbari al-Mu'adil (may Allah have mercy on him), from Abu l-Mufaddal: Muhammad b. Abdullah b. al-Muttalib al-Shaybani. He said: Narrated to us by the noble, Abu 'Abdullah: Ja'far b. Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Hasan b. Ja'far b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan b. Amir al-Mu'minin Ali b. Abi Talib (peace be upon him). He said: Narrated to us by Abdullah b. Umar b. Khattab al-Zayyat in the year 265 AH (879 CE). He said: Narrated to me by my maternal uncle: Ali b. al-Nu'man al-A'lam. He said: | |||
Narrated to me by Umayr ibn Mutawakkil al-Thaqafi al-Balkhi, from his father: Mutawakkil b. Harun. He said: I met Yahya b. Zayd b. Ali (peace be upon him). | |||
These narrators are: | |||
#Najm al-Din Abu al-Hasan Muhammad b. al-Hasan b. Ahmad b. Ali b. Muhammad b. Umar b. Yahya al-Alawi al-Husayni. | |||
#Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Shahriyar. | |||
#Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Ahmad b. Abdulaziz al-Ukbari. | |||
#Muhammad b. Abdullah b. al-Muttalib al-Shaybani. | |||
#Abu Abdullah Ja'far b. Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Hasan b. Ja'far b. al-Hasan b. al-Hasan b. Amir al-Mu'minin Ali b. Abi Talib. | |||
#Abdullah b. Umar ibn Khattab al-Zayyat. | |||
#Ali b. al-Nu'man al-A'lam. | |||
#'Umayr b. Mutawakkil al-Thaqafi. | |||
#Mutawakkil b. Harun. | |||
Umayr b. Mutawakkil al-Thaqafi is the only one who narrated the Sahifa Sajjadiya from his father, Mutawakkil b. Harun, and other narrators (1. Ahmad b. Muslim al-Mutahhari, 2. Ali b. al-Nu'man al-A'lam, 3. Muhammad b. Salih, 4. Husayn b. Ashkib al-Marwazi, 5. Ubaydullah b. Fadl al-Nabhani, 6. Ali b. Hammad b. 'Ala) have also narrated from him. The Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya has multiple narrations, with the narration of Baha al-Sharaf being the most famous among them. | |||
The Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is one of the few books written in the first century of Hijri and has been widely circulated among Shiites from the very beginning. Shaykh al-Mufid (d. 413 AH) in his book al-Irshad; al-Khazzaz al-Qummi in Kifayat al-Athar; Shaykh al-Tusi in his two books al-Fihrist and al-Rijal; and al-Najashi in Rijal al-Najashi have all referred to this book. In addition, Shaykh al-Tusi, in his prayer book Misbah al-Mutahajjid, has included eight supplications from the Sahifa. Qutb al-Rawandi (d. 573 AH); Sayyid ibn Tawus (d. 664 AH); al-Shahid al-Awwal, al-Kaf'ami in Al-Misbah, and others have also included the supplications of the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya in their works. | |||
==Manuscripts and Publications of Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya== | |||
The Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is one of the books that has numerous handwritten manuscripts. [17] In Iran alone, over three thousand handwritten manuscripts of this book have been recorded. [17] One of the oldest manuscripts of the Sahifa (dated 695 AH) is preserved in the library of Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi. [17] During the renovations of the shrine of Imam Rida in 1969 CE, another ancient manuscript of the Sahifa was discovered, dated 416 AH. [17] Interestingly, all the narrators of this manuscript are from the Sunni tradition. [18] The Astan Quds Razavi has published this manuscript, which differs from the more commonly known versions and is incomplete. [19] | |||
The Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya was first printed in 1248 AH in Calcutta, India. In the following decades, translations of this book into various languages, as well as commentaries on it, were also published in the same city. Additionally, Iran printed the book for the first time in 1262 AH, Egypt in 1322 AH, Damascus in 1330 AH, and Iraq in 1352 AH. | |||
==Translations== | |||
The Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is a collection of supplications by Imam al-Sajjad (a). Given the immense importance that the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya holds among scholars and prominent figures, numerous translations of it have been made to date. | |||
The Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya has been translated and published many times in various languages, including Persian, Turkish, Urdu, English, French, Spanish, Albanian, German, Russian, and more. | |||
==Commentaries on the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya== | |||
Due to the importance and prestige of the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, many commentaries have been written on this book in both Arabic and Persian. Allamah Agha Buzurg Tehrani, in his book al-Dhari'ah, mentions approximately fifty commentaries on the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya. Additionally, numerous translations of the Sahifa have been authored. | |||
One notable Arabic commentary is Riyad al-Salikin, written in fifty-four sections (corresponding to the number of supplications in the Sahifa) by Ali b. Ahmad Ma'sum al-Husayni (d. 1120 AH), famously known as Sayyid Ali Khan, the commentator. This commentary is the largest and most comprehensive ever written on the complete Sahifa. | |||
In addition to the well-known and widely circulated Sahifa, referred to as the Sahifa al-Kamila (the Complete Sahifa), Islamic scholars have compiled five other collections of supplications by Imam Zain al-Abidin (peace be upon him). These have been published under the titles: Al-Sahifa al-Thaniya (the Second Sahifa), Al-Sahifa al-Thalitha (the Third Sahifa), Al-Sahifa al-Rabi'a (the Fourth Sahifa), and Al-Sahifa al-Khamisa (the Fifth Sahifa). | |||
==List of Supplications in the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya== | |||
The Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya was initially a collection of 75 supplications and invocations that Imam al-Sajjad (a) dictated to his two sons, Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a) and Zayd b. Ali. For this reason, the original version was written in two copies. [24] Yahya b. Zayd provided the copy written by his father, Zayd, to Mutawakkil b. Harun al-Balkhi (the first narrator of the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya). Mutawakkil then took this copy to Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a) and compared it with the copy that had been preserved from Imam al-Baqir (a), finding no discrepancies between the two. Imam al-Sadiq (a) dictated the book to Mutawakkil b. Harun, who wrote it down. However, Mutawakkil lost 11 supplications, leaving only 64 supplications. [25] Some of these 64 supplications were not transmitted to later periods, which is why the existing versions of the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya contain only 54 supplications. [26] | |||
Some of the supplications in the Sahifa are specific to particular days (such as the Supplication of Arafah, the Supplication of Farewell to the Month of Ramadan, and the Supplication upon Sighting the Crescent Moon), while others are not tied to a specific day. [27] The Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya contains 54 supplications, and the list of their titles is as follows: | |||
# In Praise of God | |||
# Blessing upon Muhammad (s) | |||
# Archangels | |||
# Attesters to the Messengers | |||
# Himself and the People under his Guardianship | |||
# Morning and Evening | |||
# Worrisome Tasks | |||
# Blameworthy Acts | |||
# Yearning for Forgiveness | |||
# Seeking Asylum with God | |||
# Good Outcomes | |||
# Confession | |||
# Seeking Needs | |||
# When Hostility was Shown | |||
# When Sick | |||
# Asking for Release from Sins | |||
# Against Satan | |||
# When Perils were Repelled | |||
# Asking for Rain During a Drought | |||
# Noble Moral Traits (Makarimul Akhlaq) | |||
# In Sorrow | |||
# In Hardship | |||
# For Well-Being | |||
# For his Parents | |||
# For his Children | |||
# For his Neighbors and Friends | |||
# For the Border Guards | |||
# In Fleeing to God | |||
# When his Provision was Stinted | |||
# For Help in Repaying Debts | |||
# In Repentance | |||
# In the Night Prayer | |||
# In Asking for the Best | |||
# When Afflicted | |||
# In Satisfaction with the Decree | |||
# Upon Hearing Thunder | |||
# In Giving Thanks | |||
# In Asking Pardon | |||
# In Seeking Pardon and Mercy | |||
# When Death was Mentioned | |||
# In Asking for Covering and Protection | |||
# Upon Completing a Reading of the Qur'an | |||
# When he Looked at the New Crescent Moon | |||
# For the Coming of the Month of Ramadan | |||
# In Bidding Farewell to the Month of Ramadan | |||
# On the Eid of Fitr [Fast-Breaking] and on Friday | |||
# On the Day of 'Arafa | |||
# On the Eid of Qurban [Sacrifice] and on Friday | |||
# In Repelling Enemies | |||
# In Fear from God | |||
# Pleading and Abasement Before God | |||
# Imploring God | |||
# In Abasing himself Before God | |||
# For the Removal of Worries | |||