Template:Cite book

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Citation Style 1 templates

{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}	audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}	AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}	bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}	books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}	CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers
{{Cite document}}	short, stand-alone, offline documents
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections
{{Cite episode}}	radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}	magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}	public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	maps
{{Cite medRxiv}}	medRxiv preprints
{{Cite news}}	news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	podcasts
{{Cite press release}}	press releases
{{Cite report}}	reports
{{Cite serial}}	audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}	speeches
{{Cite SSRN}}	SSRN papers
{{Cite tech report}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	theses
{{Cite web}}	web sources not covered by the above
See also	Specific-source templates Citation Style 1 wrapper templates

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for books. When citing an article in a periodical, use {{cite journal}} or {{cite magazine}}. For conference papers, use {{cite conference}}. For edited collections, use {{cite encyclopedia}}. For theses, use {{cite thesis}}.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format

To cite a book with a credited author {{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=}} To cite a book with no credited author {{cite book |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=}} To cite an online book that has been archived {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |url-status= |location= |publisher= |isbn= |archive-url= |archive-date=}} To cite a book written in a foreign language {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |location= |publisher= |isbn=}} To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language book re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription {{cite book |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |url-access= |format= |language= |location= |publisher= |isbn= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote=}} Most commonly used parameters in vertical format {{cite book | last = | first = | author-link = | date = | title = | url = | location = | publisher = | page = <!-- or pages: --> | isbn = }} Full parameter set in horizontal format {{cite book |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask1= |author-mask2= |author-mask3= |author-mask4= |author-mask5= |editor-last1= |editor-first1= |editor-link1= |editor-last2= |editor-first2= |editor-link2= |editor-last3= |editor-first3= |editor-link3= |editor-last4= |editor-first4= |editor-link4= |editor-last5= |editor-first5= |editor-link5= |display-editors= |editor-mask1= |editor-mask2= |editor-mask3= |editor-mask4= |editor-mask5= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |translator-last2= |translator-first2= |translator-link2= |translator-last3= |translator-first3= |translator-link3= |translator-last4= |translator-first4= |translator-link4= |translator-last5= |translator-first5= |translator-link5= |display-translators= |translator-mask1= |translator-mask2= |translator-mask3= |translator-mask4= |translator-mask5= |others= |name-list-style= |date= |year= |orig-date= |chapter= |script-chapter= |trans-chapter= |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access= |chapter-format= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |title-link= |url= |url-status= |url-access= |format= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |edition= |publication-place= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |page= |pages= |at= |no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |asin-tld= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |eissn= |hdl= |hdl-access= |isbn= |ismn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |jstor-access= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |pmc= |pmc-embargo-date= |pmid= |rfc= |sbn= |ssrn= |s2cid= |s2cid-access= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote= |script-quote= |trans-quote= |quote-page= |quote-pages= |mode= |postscript= |ref=}} Full parameter set in vertical format Parameters Prerequisites Brief instructions / notes Vertical list last1 Author's last name or single name author. Don't link. {{cite book  |last1                = |first1 = |author-link1 = |last2 = |first2 = |author-link2 = |last3 = |first3 = |author-link3 = |last4 = |first4 = |author-link4 = |last5 = |first5 = |author-link5 = |display-authors = |author-mask1 = |author-mask2 = |author-mask3 = |author-mask4 = |author-mask5 = |editor-last1 = |editor-first1 = |editor-link1 = |editor-last2 = |editor-first2 = |editor-link2 = |editor-last3 = |editor-first3 = |editor-link3 = |editor-last4 = |editor-first4 = |editor-link4 = |editor-last5 = |editor-first5 = |editor-link5 = |display-editors = |editor-mask1 = |editor-mask2 = |editor-mask3 = |editor-mask4 = |editor-mask5 = |translator-last1 = |translator-first1 = |translator-link1 = |translator-last2 = |translator-first2 = |translator-link2 = |translator-last3 = |translator-first3 = |translator-link3 = |translator-last4 = |translator-first4 = |translator-link4 = |translator-last5 = |translator-first5 = |translator-link5 = |display-translators = |translator-mask1 = |translator-mask2 = |translator-mask3 = |translator-mask4 = |translator-mask5 = |others = |name-list-style = |date = |year = |orig-date = |chapter = |script-chapter = |trans-chapter = |chapter-url = |chapter-url-access = |chapter-format = |title = |script-title = |trans-title = |title-link = |url = |url-status = |url-access = |format = |type = |series = |language = |volume = |edition = |publication-place = |location = |publisher = |publication-date = |page = |pages = |at = |no-pp = |arxiv = |asin = |asin-tld = |bibcode = |bibcode-access = |biorxiv = |citeseerx = |doi = |doi-access = |doi-broken-date = |eissn = |hdl = |hdl-access = |isbn = |ismn = |issn = |jfm = |jstor = |jstor-access = |lccn = |mr = |oclc = |ol = |ol-access = |osti = |osti-access = |pmc = |pmc-embargo-date = |pmid = |rfc = |sbn = |ssrn = |s2cid = |s2cid-access = |zbl = |id = |archive-url = |archive-date = |access-date = |via = |quote = |script-quote = |trans-quote = |quote-page = |quote-pages = |mode = |postscript = |ref = }} first1 last1 Author's first name. Don't link. author-link1 last1 Title of Wikipedia article about the first author. Don't link. last2 last1 Like last1, but for 2nd author. first2 last2 Like first1, but for 2nd author. author-link2 last2 Like author-link1, but for 2nd author. last3 last2 Like last1, but for 3rd author. first3 last3 Like first1, but for 3rd author. author-link3 last3 Like author-link1, but for 3rd author. last4 last3 Like last1, but for 4th author. first4 last4 Like first1, but for 4th author. author-link4 last4 Like author-link1, but for 4th author. last5 last4 Like last1, but for 5th author. Similar: last6, etc. first5 last5 Like first1, but for 5th author. Similar: first6, etc. author-link5 last5 Like author-link1, but for 5th author. Similar: author-link6, etc. display-authors last1 Number (number of authors displayed) or etal (more authors) author-mask1 last1 See Display options below; not for lists of cited works author-mask2 last2 author-mask3 last3 author-mask4 last4 author-mask5 last5 editor-last1 may also use "editor-last" editor-first1 editor-last1 may also use "editor-first" editor-link1 editor-last1 may also use "editor-link" editor-mask1 editor-last1 display-editors translator-last1 Like last1, but for translator translator-first1 translator-last1 Like first1, but for translator translator-link1 translator-last1 Like author-link1, but for translator translator-last2 translator-last1 Like last1, but for 2nd translator. Similar: translator-last3, etc. translator-first2 translator-last2 Like first1, but for 2nd translator. Similar: translator-first3, etc. translator-link2 translator-last2 Like author-link1, but for 2nd transl. Similar: translator-link3, ... display-translators translator-last1 Like display-authors, but for translators translator-mask1 translator-last1 See Display options below; not for lists of cited works translator-mask2 translator-last2 name-list-style last2 Set to amp or ampersand to separate the last author with " & "; set to and to separate with " and " others date year orig-date date or year chapter This should be the title of the chapter cited. Do not wikilink "chapter" if "chapter-url" is provided script-chapter trans-chapter chapter or script-chapter chapter-url chapter or script-chapter chapter-format chapter-url title script-title trans-title title or script-title title-link title or script-title Name of a Wikipedia article about the work. Do not use if "url" is provided url title or script-title Do not use if "title-link" is provided url-status archive-url url-access url format url type series language volume edition publication-place publisher location publisher can be used for written-at location when "publication-place" is used for publication place publisher publication-date page choose one: "page", "pages", or "at" pages choose one: "page", "pages", or "at". Use when content on multiple pages supports the article text. at choose one: "page", "pages", or "at" no-pp page or pages set no-pp to "yes" to suppress the "p." or "pp." before page numbers arxiv asin asin-tld asin bibcode biorxiv citeseerx doi doi-broken-date doi eissn hdl isbn always include ISBN, if one has been assigned issn ismn jfm jstor lccn mr oclc ol osti pmc pmc-embargo-date pmc pmid rfc sbn ssrn s2cid zbl id archive-url archive-date, url archive-date archive-url access-date url via quote script-quote trans-quote quote-page choose one: "quote-page", "quote-pages" quote-pages choose one: "quote-page", "quote-pages". Use when quote contains contents from multiple pages. mode cs1 or cs2 postscript ref If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left. Examples Title {{cite book |title=Mysterious Book}} Mysterious Book. Title and year {{cite book |title=Mysterious Book |date=1901}} Mysterious Book. 1901. Basic usage (single author) {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |author-link=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}} Bloggs, Joe (1974). Book of Bloggs. Basic usage (two authors) {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |author-link1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Bloggs |first2=Fred |author-link2=Fred Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}} Bloggs, Joe; Bloggs, Fred (1974). Book of Bloggs. Basic usage with url (and access-date) and edition {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |author-link=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs |edition=1st |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/ |access-date=February 17, 2006}} Bloggs, Joe (1974). Book of Bloggs (1st ed.). Retrieved February 17, 2006. Citing a chapter in a book with different authors for different chapters and an editor {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Fred |date=January 1, 2001 |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Compilation Book with Many Chapters and Distinct Chapter Authors |publisher=Book Publishers |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 2: The History of the Bloggs Family |isbn=}} Bloggs, Fred (January 1, 2001). "Chapter 2: The History of the Bloggs Family". In Doe, John (ed.). Big Compilation Book with Many Chapters and Distinct Chapter Authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110. Citing a chapter in a book with two joint authors and an editor {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |last2=Egg |first2=Fred |date=January 1, 2001 |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Book with Many Chapters and Two Co-authors |publisher=Book Publishers |orig-date=1st pub. 1986 |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 6: Getting There |chapter-url=https://en.wikipedia.org/ |isbn= |name-list-style=amp}} Bloggs, Joe & Egg, Fred (January 1, 2001) [1st pub. 1986]. "Chapter 6: Getting There". In Doe, John (ed.). Big Book with Many Chapters and Two Co-authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110. Three authors, title with a differently-named title link, edition {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |author-link1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Smith |first2=John |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |title=1000 Acres |title-link=A Thousand Acres |edition=2nd}} Bloggs, Joe; Smith, John; Smythe, Jim. 1000 Acres (2nd ed.). Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (without volume and lastauthoramp) {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G. M. S. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S. E. |date=2007 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-65-3}} Playfair, I. S. O.; Stitt, G. M. S.; Molony, C. J. C.; Toomer, S. E. (2007) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3. Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (with volume and lastauthoramp) {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G. M. S. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S. E. |date=2007 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East |volume=I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |name-list-style=amp}} Playfair, I. S. O.; Stitt, G. M. S.; Molony, C. J. C. & Toomer, S. E. (2007) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3. Date without day, wikilinked title, publisher, pages, edition, location {{cite book |last1=Cordell |first1=Bruce R. |last2=Grubb |first2=Jeff |last3=Noonan |first3=David |date=September 2001 |title=Manual of the Planes |title-link=Manual of the Planes |edition=3rd |publisher=Wizards of the Coast |location=Renton, Washington |isbn=0-7869-1850-0 |pages=134–137}} Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001). Manual of the Planes (3rd ed.). Renton, Washington: Wizards of the Coast. pp. 134–137. ISBN 0-7869-1850-0. Other language {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Jean |date=1974 |title=Livre de Bloggs |edition=1st |language=French |trans-title=Book of Bloggs |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/ |access-date=February 17, 2006}} Bloggs, Jean (1974). Livre de Bloggs [Book of Bloggs] (in French) (1st ed.). Retrieved February 17, 2006.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Using a DOI {{cite book |last=Mumford |first=David |author-link=David Mumford |date=1999 |title=The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians |edition=2nd |publisher=Springer-Verlag |doi=10.1007/b62130 |isbn=354063293X}} Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X. Using author-mask parameter {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G. M. S. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S. E. |date=2004 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |name-list-style=amp}} Playfair, I. S. O.; Stitt, G. M. S.; Molony, C. J. C. & Toomer, S. E. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3. {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=F. C. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S. E. |date=2004 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-66-1 |name-list-style=amp |author-mask=2}} ——; Flynn, F. C.; Molony, C. J. C. & Toomer, S. E. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-66-1. {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=F. C. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Gleave |first4=T. P. |date=2004 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=Sir James |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes Reach Their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-67-X |name-list-style=amp |author-mask=2}} ——; Flynn, F. C.; Molony, C. J. C. & Gleave, T. P. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, Sir James (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes Reach Their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-67-X. Using display-authors parameter {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=I. S. O. |author-link1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=G. M. S. |last3=Molony |first3=C. J. C. |last4=Toomer |first4=S. E. |date=2004 |orig-date=1st pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, East Sussex |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |display-authors=1}} Playfair, I. S. O.; et al. (2004) [1st pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3. Parameters Syntax Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters: parent OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used) OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used) Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show. COinS This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text: use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September) Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, or &#160;, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. COinS metadata is created for these parameters Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page. |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary= |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section= |title=, |script-title=, |book-title= |publication-place=, |place=, |location= |date=, |year=, |publication-date= |series=, |version= |volume=, |issue=, |number= |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages= |edition= |publisher=, |institution= |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url= |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#= |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#= |degree= |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl= What's new What's new or changed recently Parameter Description Date N/A Deprecated Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters Deprecated parameter Replace with Date none deprecated at present Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters Removed parameter Replace with Date Note |authors= |lastn= / |firstn=, |authorn=, |vauthors= August 2024 Description Authors last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1. author: this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of |first= and |last=. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supports accept-this-as-written markup. Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata. first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with MOS:JRSR and use honorifics only in accordance with MOS:HON. OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=.... author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink. OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link. name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters. vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate: |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above authors: deprecated Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last. contributor-last: (book cites only) surname of the author of contribution (which is required). Aliases: contributor-surname, contributor1, contributor1-last, contributor-last1. Supports accept-this-as-written markup. contributor-first: Given or first names of contributor. Do not wikilink—use contributor-link instead. Aliases: contributor-given, contributor1-first, contributor-first1. OR: for multiple contributors, use contributor-last1, contributor-first1 through contributor-lastn, contributor-firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of contributors (each contributor-firstn requires a corresponding contributor-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: contributor1-last, contributor1-first through contributorn-last, contributorn-first, or contributor1 through contributorn. contributor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the contributor—not the contributor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: contributor-link1, contributor1-link. OR: for multiple contributors, use contributor-link1 through contributor-linkn. Aliases: contributor1-link through contributorn-link. translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1. Supports accept-this-as-written markup. translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1. OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn. translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link. OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link. collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list. others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith. Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link. Date "Wikipedia:Undated" redirects here. For undated signatures, see Template:Undated. date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates. Shortened footnotes target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,[more] unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case, year or ref is required to disambiguate the link targets. For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900. For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d. The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added. Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details. year: Year of publication. The more flexible |date= parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the |date= parameter, unless both of the following conditions are met: Shortened footnotes target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates a CITEREF disambiguator, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.) The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.) orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these: dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified; mdy – as above for month day, year format ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format; mdy-all – as above for month day, year format ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD Title (See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.) title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title. script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script: ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ... trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended. Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded. newline [ ] | space &#91; &#93; {{!}} (preferred) {{bracket|text}} &#124; or {{pipe}} – see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword none can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium. chapter: The chapter heading of the source. May be wikilinked or may use chapter-url, but not both. Displays in quotes. If script-chapter is defined, use chapter to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-chapter script-chapter: Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); follows Romanization defined in chapter (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script: ... |chapter=Tōkyō tawā |script-chapter=ja:東京タワー |trans-chapter=Tokyo Tower ... trans-chapter: English translation of the chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after the chapter field; if chapter-url is defined, then trans-chapter is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended. contribution: A separately-authored part of author's book. May be wikilinked or may use contribution-url, but not both. Values of Afterword, Foreword, Introduction, or Preface will display unquoted; any other value will display in quotation marks. The author of the contribution is given in contributor. language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g. español at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang Publisher publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. For self-published works (i.e., where the publisher is the same as the author or creator) state |publisher=self-published. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title. place: For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title. publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If date (or year) is also defined and is different, then publication-date displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following publisher. If date (or year) is not defined, publication-date is displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See the access level parameters to display access restrictions. Edition, series, volume edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined. series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted. volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10. In-source locations page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias: p. OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias: pp. no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim. OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=. Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse. For |quote-page= and |quote-pages= used in conjunction with |quote=, see here. URL url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message. access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate. archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine) and archive.today (see Help:Using archive.today); requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl. archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate. url-status: A control parameter to select one of |url= or |archive-url= to link |title=; requires url and archive-url. Use {{dead link}} to mark dead |url= when there is no |archive-url=. Accepts multiple keywords: dead – (default condition when |url-status= omitted or empty) selects |archive-url= live – selects |url=; used when |url= is preemptively archived with |archive-url= deviated – selects |archive-url=; used when |url= is still 'live' but no-longer supports the text in a Wikipedia article unfit – selects |archive-url=; used when |url= links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, or other unsuitable page; links to |url= are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider instead usurpation or blacklist. Bot help is available at WP:URLREQ usurped – selects |archive-url=; used when the domain in |url= no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities, such as vice, reseller and advertising sites; links to |url= are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available at WP:URLREQ bot: unknown – Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed in Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately. archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) See Using |format= url-access: See Access indicators for url-holding parameters format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.) See Using |format= URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported. If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with: Character space " ' < > [ ] { | } Encoding %20 %22 %27 %3C %3E %5B %5D %7B %7C %7D Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion. Chapter URL chapter-url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by chapter or contribution can be found. Cannot be used if those parameters are wikilinked. Should be at the same site as url, if any. If chapter-url is used, url should only be used if the beginning of the work and the cited chapter are on separate webpages at the site. Aliases: contribution-url, section-url. chapter-format: Format of the work referred to by chapter-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after chapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired. Anchor Not to be confused with § Identifiers. ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: none. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates. Identifiers Not to be confused with § Anchor. id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an external link template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append NCJ 122967 instead. The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678. arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint. asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN. asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: ae, au, br, ca, cn, de, es, fr, in, it, jp, mx, nl, pl, sa, se, sg, tr, uk. Aliases: none. bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none. biorxiv: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none. citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none. doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below. doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none. eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below. hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL. isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN. Use the {{Format ISBN}} template within the parameter – in the form |isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}} – if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below. ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN. issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below. jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM. jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR. lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: LCCN. mr: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: MR. oclc: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC. ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL. osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI. pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: PMC. pmc-embargo-date: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none. pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: PMID. rfc: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC. sbn: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below. ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN. s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID. zbl: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL. In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message. For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter. For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none). It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible. Quote quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote. script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script: ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ... trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none. quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none. OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none. Editors editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1. editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor. Supports accept-this-as-written markup. editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given. OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=... |editor2=.... editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1. OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link). name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters. veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate: |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above Display: Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included. If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work. If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds." Display options mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use postscript. author-mask: contributor-mask: editor-mask: interviewer-mask: subject-mask: translator-mask: Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name. display-authors: display-contributors: display-editors: display-interviewers: display-subjects: display-translators: Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors). |display-authors=0 is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none. postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined. Subscription or registration required Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles. Four access levels can be used: access indicator for named identifiers: free: the source is free to read for anyone access indicators for url-holding parameters: registration: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration limited: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required subscription: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall") As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link. Access indicators for url-holding parameters Main article: WP:CONLINK Online sources linked by |url=, |article-url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |entry-url=, |map-url=, and |section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they are not marked as free. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add |archive-url= and |archive-date= values if possible. URL-holding and access-indicator parameters URL Access Allowed keywords |url= |url-access= registration limited subscription |article-url= |article-url-access= |chapter-url= |chapter-url-access= |contribution-url= |contribution-url-access= |entry-url= |entry-url-access= |map-url= |map-url-access= |section-url= |section-url-access= For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription: {{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}} which renders as: "Nifty example data". 2021-04-15. Access indicator for named identifiers Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription. Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters Identifier Access Allowed keywords |bibcode= |bibcode-access= free |doi= |doi-access= |hdl= |hdl-access= |jstor= |jstor-access= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |ssrn= |ssrn-access= |s2cid= |s2cid-access= Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are: |arxiv= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |medrxiv= |pmc= |rfc= For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date. Tracking of free DOIs The template is able to recognize known free-to-read DOI registrants, based on a list in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration. Once a free registrant is identified, the 10.xxxx/... part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list under local function build_free_doi_registrants_table(). If |doi-access=free is not set, it will place the page in Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI, which is routinely cleared by User:Citation bot. The template is also able to recognize known free-to-read journals, assuming they have a clear 10.xxxx/yyyy.... DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added to Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration under local extended_registrants_t = { with the format ['XXXX'] = {'YYYY'},. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format ['XXXX'] = {'YYYY', 'ZZZZ', '...'},. If you add a free registrant/free journal to the lists in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration, leave a note at User talk:Citation bot so the bot knows about it. TemplateData See Template:Cite book/TemplateData. Citation tools Main page: Help:Citation tools Citer: A web tool that converts a DOI, ISBN, PMID, PMCID, OCLC, or Google Books URL into a citation and shortened footnote. This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information. The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Cite book/doc. (edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages. Add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template. TemplateData This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:Cite book in articles based on its TemplateData. TemplateData for Cite book Template:Cite book uses standard parameter set; TemplateData has errors: |authors= is not a valid parameter |last= has duplicate aliases: |author-last= This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options. Template parameters[Edit template data] This template has custom formatting. Parameter Description Type Status Last name last last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors String suggested First name first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors String suggested Author link author-link author-link1 author1-link subject-link subject-link1 subject1-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Page name optional URL url URL The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme "//..." Example https://books.google.com/books?id=... URL optional Title title The title of the book; displays in italics String required Title link title-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. Page name optional Vancouver style author list vauthors If using Vancouver style, comma separated list of author names; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses Example Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation)) String optional Last name 2 last2 author2 surname2 author-last2 author2-last subject2 The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2' instead; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors String optional First name 2 first2 given2 author-first2 author2-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2' instead; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors String optional Author link 2 author-link2 author2-link subject-link2 subject2-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Page name optional Last name 3 last3 author3 surname3 author-last3 author3-last subject3 The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3' instead. String optional First name 3 first3 given3 author-first3 author3-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. String optional Author link 3 author-link3 author3-link subject-link3 subject3-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. Page name optional Last name 4 last4 author4 surname4 author-last4 author4-last subject4 The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4' instead. String optional First name 4 first4 given4 author-first4 author4-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink. String optional Author link 4 author-link4 author4-link subject-link4 subject4-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author. Page name optional Last name 5 last5 author5 surname5 author-last5 author5-last subject5 The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5' instead. String optional First name 5 first5 given5 author-first5 author5-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. String optional Author link 5 author-link5 author5-link subject-link5 subject5-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author. Page name optional Last name 6 last6 author6 surname6 author-last6 author6-last subject6 The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6' instead. String optional First name 6 first6 given6 author-first6 author6-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. String optional Author link 6 author-link6 author6-link subject-link6 subject6-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. Page name optional Last name 7 last7 author7 surname7 author-last7 author7-last subject7 The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7' instead. String optional First name 7 first7 given7 author-first7 author7-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. String optional Author link 7 author-link7 author7-link subject-link7 subject7-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. Page name optional Last name 8 last8 author8 surname8 author-last8 author8-last subject8 The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8' instead. String optional First name 8 first8 given8 author-first8 author8-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. String optional Author link 8 author-link8 author8-link subject-link8 subject8-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. Page name optional Last name 9 last9 author9 surname9 author-last9 author9-last subject9 The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9' instead. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author. String optional First name 9 first9 given9 author-first9 author9-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. String optional Author link 9 author-link9 author9-link subject-link9 subject9-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. Page name optional Collaboration collaboration Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors which list one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends 'et al.' to author name-list. String optional Date date Full date of the source; do not wikilink Date suggested Work work journal website newspaper magazine Name of the work in which the cited book text is found String optional Publisher publisher institution Name of the publisher; displays after title Example [[HarperCollins]] String suggested Others others Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith' String optional Year of publication year Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known String suggested ISBN isbn ISBN International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible String suggested Editor last name editor-last editor editor-surname editor-last1 editor-surname1 editor1 editor1-last editor1-surname The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors String optional Editor first name editor-first editor-given editor-first1 editor-given1 editor1-first editor1-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors String optional Link for editor editor-link editor-link1 editor1-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor Page name optional Editor mask editor-mask editor1-mask editor-mask1 Replaces the name of the first editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Vancouver style editor list veditors Comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses Example Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation)) String optional Edition edition When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed by ' ed.' Example 2nd Line suggested Series identifier series version Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal String optional Volume volume For one publication published in several volumes String optional Location of publication location place Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place String suggested Place of publication publication-place Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' String optional Publication date publication-date Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink Date suggested Page page p The number of a single page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both String optional Page(s) cited pages pp A range of pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both Example 5–11 String suggested At at May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient String optional Language language The language in which the source is written. Do not use the full language name; use ISO 639-1. Do not use icons or templates String suggested Translator last name translator-last translator translator-last1 translator1 translator1-last The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. String optional Translator first name translator-first translator1-first translator-first1 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. String optional Script title script-title For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:... String optional Translated title trans-title An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended String suggested Chapter chapter contribution entry article section The chapter heading of the source; may be wikilinked or with 'chapter-url' but not both. For the contribution alias, see contributor-last String optional Script Chapter script-chapter Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined in chapter. Should be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script Example ja:東京タワー String optional Translated chapter trans-chapter An English language chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended String optional Type type medium Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case String optional Format format Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML String optional ASIN asin ASIN Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters String optional ASIN TLD asin-tld ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US String optional Bibcode bibcode Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters String optional biorXiv biorxiv biorXiv identifier; 6 digits Line optional CiteSeerX citeseerx CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter Line optional DOI doi DOI Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' String optional EISSN eissn EISSN International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space. Example 2009-0048 String optional Handle System identifier hdl HDL Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet String optional ISMN ismn ISMN International Standard Music Number; Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Example 979-0-9016791-7-7 String optional ISSN issn ISSN International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen String optional jfm code jfm Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code String optional JSTOR jstor JSTOR JSTOR identifier String optional LCCN lccn LCCN Library of Congress Control Number String optional MR mr MR Mathematical Reviews identifier String optional OCLC oclc OCLC Online Computer Library Center number String optional OL ol OL Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" at beginning of identifier String optional OSTI osti OSTI Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier String optional PMC pmc PubMed Center article number String optional PMID pmid PMID PubMed Unique Identifier String optional RFC rfc Request for Comments number String optional SSRN ssrn Social Science Research Network String optional Zbl zbl Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier String optional id id ID A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable String optional Quote quote quotation Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation String optional Ref ref An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates String optional Mode mode Sets separator and terminal punctuation to the style named in the assigned value; allowable values are: 'cs1' or 'cs2' Suggested values cs1 cs2 String optional Postscript postscript The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none' Default . String optional Author mask author-mask author1-mask author-mask1 Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Author mask 2 author-mask2 author2-mask Replaces the name of the second author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Author mask 3 author-mask3 author3-mask Replaces the name of the third author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Author mask 4 author-mask4 author4-mask Replaces the name of the fourth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Author mask 5 author-mask5 author5-mask Replaces the name of the fifth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Author mask 6 author-mask6 author6-mask Replaces the name of the sixth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Author mask 7 author-mask7 author7-mask Replaces the name of the seventh author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Author mask 8 author-mask8 author8-mask Replaces the name of the eighth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Author mask 9 author-mask9 author9-mask Replaces the name of the ninth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Display authors display-authors number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used Number optional URL access date access-date The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink Date optional Original date orig-date Original date of publication; provide specifics String optional Last name of second editor editor-last2 editor-surname2 editor2 editor2-last editor2-surname The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link' String optional First name of second editor editor-first2 editor-given2 editor2-first editor2-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link' String optional Link for second editor editor-link2 editor2-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor Page name optional Mask for second editor editor-mask2 editor2-mask Replaces the name of the second editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Last name of third editor editor-last3 editor-surname3 editor3 editor3-last editor3-surname The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link' String optional First name of third editor editor-first3 editor-given3 editor3-first editor3-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link' String optional Link for third editor editor-link3 editor3-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor Page name optional Mask for third editor editor-mask3 editor3-mask Replaces the name of the third editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Last name of fourth editor editor-last4 editor-surname4 editor4 editor4-last editor4-surname The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link' String optional First name of fourth editor editor-first4 editor-given4 editor4-first editor4-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link' String optional Link for fourth editor editor-link4 editor4-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor Page name optional Mask for fourth editor editor-mask4 editor4-mask Replaces the name of the fourth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Last name of fifth editor editor-last5 editor-surname5 editor5 editor5-last editor5-surname The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link' String optional First name of fifth editor editor-first5 editor-given5 editor5-first editor5-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link' String optional Link for fifth editor editor-link5 editor5-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor Page name optional Mask for fifth editor editor-mask5 editor5-mask Replaces the name of the fifth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Last name of sixth editor editor-last6 editor-surname6 editor6 editor6-last editor6-surname The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link' String optional First name of sixth editor editor-first6 editor-given6 editor6-first editor6-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link' String optional Link for sixth editor editor-link6 editor6-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor Page name optional Mask for sixth editor editor-mask6 editor6-mask Replaces the name of the sixth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Last name of seventh editor editor-last7 editor-surname7 editor7 editor7-last editor7-surname The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link' String optional First name of seventh editor editor-first7 editor-given7 editor7-first editor7-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link' String optional Link for seventh editor editor-link7 editor7-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor Page name optional Mask for seventh editor editor-mask7 editor7-mask Replaces the name of the seventh editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Last name of eighth editor editor-last8 editor-surname8 editor8 editor8-last editor8-surname The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link' String optional First name of eighth editor editor-first8 editor-given8 editor8-first editor8-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link' String optional Link for eighth editor editor-link8 editor8-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor Page name optional Mask for eighth editor editor-mask8 editor8-mask Replaces the name of the eighth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Last name of ninth editor editor-last9 editor-surname9 editor9 editor9-last editor9-surname The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link' String optional First name of ninth editor editor-first9 editor-given9 editor9-first editor9-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link' String optional Link for ninth editor editor-link9 editor9-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor Page name optional Mask for ninth editor editor-mask9 editor9-mask Replaces the name of the ninth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Display Editors display-editors Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al. String optional Translator last name 2 translator-last2 translator2 translator2-last The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator first name 2 translator-first2 translator2-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator last name 3 translator-last3 translator3 translator3-last The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator first name 3 translator-first3 translator3-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator last name 4 translator-last4 translator4 translator4-last The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator first name 4 translator-first4 translator4-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator last name 5 translator-last5 translator5 translator5-last The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator first name 5 translator-first5 translator5-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator last name 6 translator-last6 translator6 translator6-last The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator first name 6 translator-first6 translator6-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator last name 7 translator-last7 translator7 translator7-last The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator first name 7 translator-first7 translator7-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator last name 8 translator-last8 translator8 translator8-last The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator first name 8 translator-first8 translator8-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator last name 9 translator-last9 translator9 translator9-last The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator first name 9 translator-first9 translator9-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String optional Translator link translator-link translator-link1 translator1-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. Page name optional Translator link 2 translator-link2 translator2-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator. Page name optional Translator link 3 translator-link3 translator3-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator. Page name optional Translator link 4 translator-link4 translator4-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator. Page name optional Translator link 5 translator-link5 translator5-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator. Page name optional Translator link 6 translator-link6 translator6-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator. Page name optional Translator link 7 translator-link7 translator7-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator. Page name optional Translator link 8 translator-link8 translator8-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator. Page name optional Translator link 9 translator-link9 translator9-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator. Page name optional Chapter URL chapter-url contribution-url section-url The URL of the online location where the text of the chapter can be found URL optional Format of Chapter URL chapter-format contribution-format section-format Format of the work referred to by chapter-url; displayed in parentheses after chapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Example PDF, DOC, or XLS String optional DOI broken date doi-broken-date The date that the DOI was determined to be broken Date optional URL access level url-access Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited') Suggested values registration subscription limited String optional Archive URL archive-url The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate' URL optional Archive Format archive-format Format of the Archive String optional Archive date archive-date Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink String optional URL status url-status If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all. Suggested values dead live unfit usurped Default dead String optional Name list style name-list-style Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style. Suggested values amp and vanc String optional via via Aggregate or database provider, when different from the Publisher. Typically used for Ebooks. Example [[Open Edition]], [[JSTOR]] String optional Bibcode access level bibcode-access If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional DOI access level doi-access If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional HDL access level hdl-access If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional Jstor access level jstor-access If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional OpenLibrary access level ol-access If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional OSTI access level osti-access If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional Issue issue number Issue number. This parameter is not supported by and should generally not be used with cite book. Consider that a different cite template may be more appropriate, such as cite magazine or cite journal. See Help:Citation_Style_1#Pages. Example 3 String optional Authors list authors List of authors as a free form list. This parameter is deprecated, use "lastn" or "firstn" (preferred) or "authorn" or "vauthors". Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used. String deprecated Department department Unusual in cite book. Unknown optional Date format df Sets rendered dates to the specified format String optional