Collection and Compilation of the Quran: Difference between revisions

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=== Compilation of the Quran after the Prophet (PBUH) ===

{{نوشتار اصلی|The Order of Surahs in the Quran by the Companions}}

The Quran was also collected by the Companions after the Prophet’s death. Al-Suyuti reports that there is general agreement among Islamic scholars on this point.<ref>{{cite book|title=al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān1394 AH|first=ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr|last=Al-Suyūṭīal-Hayʾah al-Miṣriyyah al-ʿĀmmah lil-~~Kitāb|جلد=1~~|page=135|language=|location=Cairo~~|ویرایش=~~|url=}}</ref> It is believed that the first official compilation was carried out under the first caliph, with [[Zaid ibn Thabit]] taking a leading role. Prior to this, [[Imam Ali (AS)]] also had compiled his own codex of the Quran. Other notable Companions engaged in collecting the Quran, which led to the emergence of multiple versions. The lack of diacritical marks resulted in differences in recitation, prompting a later standardization of the Quranic text during the caliphate of [[Uthman bin Affan|Uthman]].<ref name=":1">{{cite book|title=Darsnāmah-ye ʿUlūm Qurʾānī|first=Ḥusayn|last=Javān Ārāstah|volume=1|page=7|language=|location=|edition=|url=}}</ref>

The Quran was also collected by the Companions after the Prophet’s death. Al-Suyuti reports that there is general agreement among Islamic scholars on this point.<ref>{{cite book|title=al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān1394 AH|first=ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr|last=Al-Suyūṭīal-Hayʾah al-Miṣriyyah al-ʿĀmmah lil-Kitāb1|page=135|language=|location=Cairo|url=}}</ref> It is believed that the first official compilation was carried out under the first caliph, with [[Zaid ibn Thabit]] taking a leading role. Prior to this, [[Imam Ali (AS)]] also had compiled his own codex of the Quran. Other notable Companions engaged in collecting the Quran, which led to the emergence of multiple versions. The lack of diacritical marks resulted in differences in recitation, prompting a later standardization of the Quranic text during the caliphate of [[Uthman bin Affan|Uthman]].<ref name=":1">{{cite book|title=Darsnāmah-ye ʿUlūm Qurʾānī|first=Ḥusayn|last=Javān Ārāstah|volume=1|page=7|language=|location=|edition=|url=}}</ref>

== Formation of a Unified Codex ==

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=== The Imams' Endorsement of the Compiled Quran ===

The [[infallible Imams (AS)]] advocated for reciting the Quran according to the officially compiled version and its established reading. After assuming the [[Caliphate|caliphate]], Imam Ali (AS) encouraged people to adhere to the codex compiled by Uthman without any alteration. This was to ensure that no one would introduce changes or modifications in the name of correcting the [[Quran]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Pazhūhishī dar Tārīkh Qurʾān|first=|last=|publisher=|volume=|page=448–462|language=|location=|edition=|url=}}</ref> Likewise, [[Shiites]], in adherence to the guidance of the Imams (AS), believe that the Quran we have today is complete and unaltered. It is narrated that once, when a man recited a verse differently from the accepted reading, [[Imam al-Sadiq (AS)]] advised him, saying,

::«Do not recite it this way; recite it as the people do.».<ref>{{cite book|title=Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah|first=~~محمد~~|last=Shaykh Ḥurr ʿĀmilī|volume=4|page=821|language=|location=|edition=|url=}}</ref>

::«Do not recite it this way; recite it as the people do.».<ref>{{cite book|title=Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah|first=Muhammad|last=Shaykh Ḥurr ʿĀmilī|volume=4|page=821|language=|location=|edition=|url=}}</ref>

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 === Compilation of the Quran after the Prophet (PBUH) ===
 {{نوشتار اصلی|The Order of Surahs in the Quran by the Companions}}
-The Quran was also collected by the Companions after the Prophet’s death. Al-Suyuti reports that there is general agreement among Islamic scholars on this point.<ref>{{cite book|title=al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān1394 AH|first=ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr|last=Al-Suyūṭīal-Hayʾah al-Miṣriyyah al-ʿĀmmah lil-Kitāb|جلد=1|page=135|language=|location=Cairo|ویرایش=|url=}}</ref> It is believed that the first official compilation was carried out under the first caliph, with [[Zaid ibn Thabit]] taking a leading role. Prior to this, [[Imam Ali (AS)]] also had compiled his own codex of the Quran. Other notable Companions engaged in collecting the Quran, which led to the emergence of multiple versions. The lack of diacritical marks resulted in differences in recitation, prompting a later standardization of the Quranic text during the caliphate of [[Uthman bin Affan|Uthman]].<ref name=":1">{{cite book|title=Darsnāmah-ye ʿUlūm Qurʾānī|first=Ḥusayn|last=Javān Ārāstah|volume=1|page=7|language=|location=|edition=|url=}}</ref>
+The Quran was also collected by the Companions after the Prophet’s death. Al-Suyuti reports that there is general agreement among Islamic scholars on this point.<ref>{{cite book|title=al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān1394 AH|first=ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr|last=Al-Suyūṭīal-Hayʾah al-Miṣriyyah al-ʿĀmmah lil-Kitāb1|page=135|language=|location=Cairo|url=}}</ref> It is believed that the first official compilation was carried out under the first caliph, with [[Zaid ibn Thabit]] taking a leading role. Prior to this, [[Imam Ali (AS)]] also had compiled his own codex of the Quran. Other notable Companions engaged in collecting the Quran, which led to the emergence of multiple versions. The lack of diacritical marks resulted in differences in recitation, prompting a later standardization of the Quranic text during the caliphate of [[Uthman bin Affan|Uthman]].<ref name=":1">{{cite book|title=Darsnāmah-ye ʿUlūm Qurʾānī|first=Ḥusayn|last=Javān Ārāstah|volume=1|page=7|language=|location=|edition=|url=}}</ref>
 == Formation of a Unified Codex ==
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 === The Imams' Endorsement of the Compiled Quran ===
 The [[infallible Imams (AS)]] advocated for reciting the Quran according to the officially compiled version and its established reading. After assuming the [[Caliphate|caliphate]], Imam Ali (AS) encouraged people to adhere to the codex compiled by Uthman without any alteration. This was to ensure that no one would introduce changes or modifications in the name of correcting the [[Quran]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Pazhūhishī dar Tārīkh Qurʾān|first=|last=|publisher=|volume=|page=448–462|language=|location=|edition=|url=}}</ref> Likewise, [[Shiites]], in adherence to the guidance of the Imams (AS), believe that the Quran we have today is complete and unaltered. It is narrated that once, when a man recited a verse differently from the accepted reading, [[Imam al-Sadiq (AS)]] advised him, saying,
-::«Do not recite it this way; recite it as the people do.».<ref>{{cite book|title=Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah|first=محمد|last=Shaykh Ḥurr ʿĀmilī|volume=4|page=821|language=|location=|edition=|url=}}</ref>
+::«Do not recite it this way; recite it as the people do.».<ref>{{cite book|title=Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah|first=Muhammad|last=Shaykh Ḥurr ʿĀmilī|volume=4|page=821|language=|location=|edition=|url=}}</ref>
 {{answer end}}