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Al-Jar thum al-dar Hadith

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Question

Is the well-known hadith "Al-Jar Thumma al-Dar" (The Neighbor Before the House) authentic in terms of its chain of transmission and correct in its meaning?

Al-Jar Thumma Al-Dar (Arabic:اَلْجَارَ ثُمَّ الدَّار) is a narration attributed to Fatimah al-Zahra (sa) that emphasizes the importance of prioritizing others, such as neighbors, in prayers before focusing on oneself. Although the chain of transmission (isnad) of this hadith is weak and most of its narrators are unknown, its content is considered acceptable. The Qur'an mentions how Prophet Ibrahim (a) prayed for others before himself, and the Angels of the Throne continuously seek forgiveness for the believers. Additionally, Allah commands praying for parents without mentioning oneself, which aligns with the concept of prioritizing others in prayer.

Text of the Hadith

Shaykh al-Saduq narrates this hadith as follows:[1]

«عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ(ع) قَالَ رَأَيْتُ أُمِّي فَاطِمَةَ(ع) قَامَتْ فِي مِحْرَابِهَا لَيْلَةَ جُمُعَتِهَا فَلَمْ تَزَلْ رَاكِعَةً سَاجِدَةً حَتَّى اتَّضَحَ عَمُودُ الصُّبْحِ وَ سَمِعْتُهَا تَدْعُو لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَ تُسَمِّيهِمْ وَ تُكْثِرُ الدُّعَاءَ لَهُمْ وَ لَا تَدْعُو لِنَفْسِهَا بِشَيْءٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهَا يَا أُمَّاهْ لِمَ لَا تَدْعِينَ لِنَفْسِكِ كَمَا تَدْعِينَ لِغَيْرِكِ فَقَالَتْ يَا بُنَيَّ الْجَارَ ثُمَّ الدَّارَ.»

From al-Husayn b. Ali, from his brother al-Hasan b. Ali b. Abi Talib (s), who said: I saw my mother, Fatimah (a), standing in her prayer niche on the night of Friday. She continued praying, bowing, and prostrating until the dawn light appeared. I heard her praying for the believers, both men and women, and mentioning them by name. She prayed extensively for them but did not pray for herself. So I said to her, 'O mother! Why do you not pray for yourself as you pray for others?' She replied, 'O my son! The neighbor first, then the house.'"

Authenticity of the Hadith

Shaykh al-Saduq mentions the hadith with two chains of transmission, both of which are weak due to the presence of unknown narrators whose reliability has not been verified in the science of rijal, which is a branch of hadith sciences that discusses the qualities of the hadith transmitters, especially their reliability in hadith transmission, and the related criteria and rules.

First Chain of Transmission

  • Ali b. Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Qazwini, known as Ibn Maqbura: Unknown and not mentioned in the books of Ilm al-Rijal.[2] Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei stated that he was one of Shaykh al-Saduq's teachers.[3]
  • Muhammad b. Abd Allah al-Hadrami: No mention of his reliability in the books of Ilm al-Rijal.
  • Jandal b. Waliq: Unknown and not mentioned in the books of Ilm al-Rijal.[4]
  • Muhammad b. Umar al-Mazini: Unknown and not mentioned in the books of Ilm al-Rijal.[5]
  • Ubada al-Kulaybi: Some scholars speculate he might be Ubad b. Suhayb, who is reliable. Otherwise, he is also unknown.

Second Chain of Transmission

  • Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abd al-Rahman al-Hakim al-Marwazi al-Muqri': Unknown and not mentioned in Ilm al-Rijal.[6]
  • Muhammad b. Ja'far al-Muqri Abu 'Amr: Not mentioned in Ilm al-Rijal.
  • Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Mawsili: Unknown and not mentioned in Ilm al-Rijal.[7]
  • Muhammad b. 'Asim: Unknown.[8]
  • Abu Zayd al-Kahhal: Not mentioned in Rijali works.[9]

Concept of the Hadith

Praying for Others in the Qur'an and Authentic Narrations

The concept of prioritizing others in prayer is supported by the Qur'an and authentic narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt (a). The statement "Al-Jar Thumma al-Dar" does not imply neglecting personal supplication but emphasizes that praying for others is a higher virtue. The Qur'an supports this practice:

﴾And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy and say, 'My Lord, have mercy upon them as they brought me up when I was small.'﴿

«And [mention] when Ibrahim said, 'My Lord, make this city secure and provide its people with fruits—whoever of them believes in Allah and the Last Day.'»

﴾Our Lord, I have settled some of my descendants in an uncultivated valley near Your sacred House...﴿

﴾Those who carry the Throne and those around it exalt Allah with praise... and ask forgiveness for those who have believed...﴿


References

  1. ↑ Shaykh al-Saduq, Illal al-Sharayi', Qom, Dawari Bookstore, First Edition, 1385 AH, Vol. 1, p. 182.
  2. ↑ Al-Namazi al-Shahroudi, Mustadrakat Ilm al-Rijal al-Hadith, Vol. 5, p. 443.
  3. ↑ Al-Khoei, Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, Vol. 13, p. 145.
  4. ↑ Al-Namazi al-Shahroudi, Mustadrakat Ilm al-Rijal al-Hadith, Vol. 2, p. 244.
  5. ↑ Al-Namazi al-Shahroudi, Mustadrakat Ilm al-Rijal al-Hadith, Vol. 7, p. 264.
  6. ↑ Al-Burujerdi, Tara'if al-Maqal, Vol. 1, p. 159; Al-Namazi al-Shahroudi, Mustadrakat Ilm al-Rijal al-Hadith, Vol. 1, p. 452.
  7. ↑ Al-Namazi al-Shahroudi, Mustadrakat Ilm al-Rijal al-Hadith, Vol. 7, p. 44.
  8. ↑ Al-Jawaheri, Al-Mufid min Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith, p. 539.
  9. ↑ Al-Namazi al-Shahroudi, Mustadrakat Ilm al-Rijal al-Hadith, Vol. 8, p. 390.
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