View source for The Phenomenon of Takfir in Islamic Society

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When did the phenomenon of takfir emerge among Muslims, and on what basis?
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In Islamic society, [[takfir]] refers to the act of accusing someone who professes [[Islam]] and faith of disbelief (''[[Kufr|kufr]]''). This phenomenon can manifest individually or evolve into an ideological movement. However, what poses a significant threat is the rise of ''takfiri'' movements that accuse Muslims of disbelief based on specific principles. For instance, the [[Khawarij]] judged Muslims by the criterion of major sins, while [[Salafis]] and [[Wahhabis]] accuse Muslims of disbelief due to practices such as making pilgrimage to graves, seeking intercession (''[[Shafa‘a|shafa‘a]]''), and seeking blessings (''[[Tabarruk|tabarruk]]'').