Hawl Muttali

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    What is "Hawl Muttali"?

    Hawl Muttali is a term used in prayers and narrations, which refers to the terror of the grave. Some interpret "Hawl Muttali" as a high place from which everything concerning a person is observed and supervised. Others interpret it as the fear of seeing the Angel of Death during the soul's extraction, meaning the terror of the Angel of Death and the angels involved in the process. Imam Ali (a.s.) advised people to prepare themselves for "Hawl Muttali." Some prayers mention: «يَا رَبِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ هَوْلِ الْمُطَّلَع‏؛ O Lord, I seek refuge in You from the terror of the Hawl Muttali.» Abu Dhar al-Ghifari said during the burial of his son: "If it weren't for Hawl Muttali, I would have wished to be in your place."

    In the narrations, visiting the grave of Imam Hussain (a.s.) and fasting at the end of Rajab are recommended to relieve the fear of Hawl Muttali.

    Conceptualization

    Hawl: Linguists define "Hawl" as the fear of something, not knowing how it will approach. [1] [2] Some also define Hawl as the fear of something great.[3] "Muttali" is understood as a high place from which knowledge or observation can be gained.[4]

    Muttali: The term literally means a direction or place from which one can gain awareness from an elevated position, a vantage point.[5] Various interpretations of "Hawl Muttali" are found in narrations:

    • Terror of the Grave: Fear of the punishment of the grave, questioning in the grave, and the difficulties that follow.[6] «هَوْلِ‏ الْمُطَّلَعِ‏» refers to what awaits after death, which has full knowledge and control over it.[7] [8]

    This meaning is quoted in a narration from Salman al-Farsi.[9]

    • A High Place: Refers to a high place from which one can observe the things below. "Muttali" is compared to something that has control over everything, like a place of observation with full authority.[10] [11] This interpretation is likely derived from the literal meaning, and "Lām" of "Muttali" is read with a kasrah, implying awareness or control.[12] It refers to the state of the person on the Day of Judgment, where God has knowledge of all of their actions.[13]
    • Seeing the Angel of Death: Some interpret "Muttali" as the sight of the Angel of Death, which causes fear in the person.[14] For this reason, it is said that it refers to the fear of the angels who come to extract the souls, and people are informed of it.[15]

    Imam Sadiq (a.s):

    «اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى هَوْلِ‏ الْمُطَّلَعِ‏؛

    O Allah, help me against the terror of Hawl Muttali.»[16]

    Hawl Muttali in Narrations

    • Imam Ali (a.s.) warned the people to prepare themselves for Hawl Muttali.[17]
    • Imam Sadiq (a.s.) said: «اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى هَوْلِ‏ الْمُطَّلَعِ‏ وَ وَسِّعْ عَلَيَّ ضِيقَ الْمَضْجَعِ؛ O Allah! Help me against the terror of the place of knowledge and ease the tightness of my bed.»[18]
    • In some prayers, it is stated: «يَا رَبِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ هَوْلِ‏ الْمُطَّلَعِ‏؛ O Lord, I seek refuge in You from the terror of Hawl Muttali.»[19]
    • The narrations also recommend visiting the grave of Imam Hussain (a.s.) to relieve the fear of Hawl Muttali.[20] Additionally, fasting at the end of Rajab is recommended to escape Hawl Muttali.[21]
    1. ↑ Farahidi, Khalil ibn Ahmad, Kitab al-Ayn, Qom, Hojrat Publications, second edition, 1409 AH, vol. 4, p. 86.
    2. ↑ Saheb ibn Abbad, Ismail ibn Abbad, al-Muhit al-Lughawi, Beirut, Alam al-Kitab, first edition, 1414 AH, vol. 4, p. 62.
    3. ↑ Tarhiji, Fakhr al-Din ibn Muhammad, Majma' al-Bahrain, Tehran, Mortezavi Publications, third edition, 1375 SH, vol. 4, p. 444.
    4. ↑ Tarhiji, Fakhr al-Din ibn Muhammad, Majma' al-Bahrain, Tehran, Mortezavi Publications, third edition, 1375 SH, vol. 3, p. 501.
    5. ↑ Bustani, Fouad Afram, Abjadi Dictionary, Tehran, Islamic Publications, second edition, 1375 SH, p. 835.
    6. ↑ Majlisi, Muhammad Taqi, Rawdat al-Muttaqin, Qom, Islamic Cultural Institute, second edition, 1406 AH, vol. 1, p. 475.
    7. ↑ Majlisi, Muhammad Taqi, Rawdat al-Muttaqin, Qom, Islamic Cultural Institute, second edition, 1406 AH, vol. 2, p. 697.
    8. ↑ Mazandarani, Muhammad Salih ibn Ahmad, Sharh al-Kafi - Usul and Rawdat, Tehran, Islamic Library, first edition, 1382 AH, vol. 10, p. 308.
    9. ↑ Kafa'ah al-Muwahhidin, vol. 3, p. 225.
    10. ↑ Majlisi, Muhammad Taqi, Rawdat al-Muttaqin, Qom, Islamic Cultural Institute, second edition, 1406 AH, vol. 2, p. 697.
    11. ↑ Mazandarani, Muhammad Salih ibn Ahmad, Sharh al-Kafi - Usul and Rawdat, Tehran, Islamic Library, first edition, 1382 AH, vol. 12, p. 211.
    12. ↑ Majlisi, Muhammad Taqi, Rawdat al-Muttaqin, Qom, Islamic Cultural Institute, second edition, 1406 AH, vol. 1, p. 475. vol. 2, p. 697.
    13. ↑ Fayz Kashani, Muhammad Mahsin ibn Shah Murtada, al-Wafi, Isfahan, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib Library, first edition, 1406 AH, vol. 3, p. 754.
    14. ↑ Mazandarani, Muhammad Salih ibn Ahmad, Sharh al-Kafi - Usul and Rawdat, Tehran, Islamic Library, first edition, 1382 AH, vol. 12, p. 211.
    15. ↑ Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir ibn Muhammad Taqi, Mir'at al-Uqul fi Sharh Akhbar Aal al-Rasul, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyah, second edition, 1404 AH, vol. 12, p. 313.
    16. ↑ Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, al-Kafi, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyah, fourth edition, 1407 AH, vol. 2, p. 539.
    17. ↑ Sharif Razi, Muhammad ibn Hussain, Nahj al-Balagha (by Subhi Saleh) - Qom, Hojrat Publications, first edition, 1414 AH, sermon 190, p. 280.
    18. ↑ Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, al-Kafi, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyah, fourth edition, 1407 AH, vol. 2, p. 539.
    19. ↑ Ibn Tawus, Ali ibn Musa, Iqbal al-A'mal, Tehran, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyah, second edition, 1409 AH, vol. 1, p. 376.
    20. ↑ Ibn Qulwayh, Ja'far ibn Muhammad, Kamal al-Ziyarat, Najaf Ashraf, Dar al-Murtaza, first edition, 1356 SH, chapter 60, p. 149.
    21. ↑ Ibn Babawayh, Muhammad ibn Ali, al-Amali, Tehran, Ketabchi Publications, sixth edition, 1376 SH, p. 15.
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